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Serbia
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Republic of Serbia is a
continental state which is
located in South-Eastern
Europe (the Balkan
Peninsula) and Europe
(Panonskoj niziji). [2]
The Republic of Serbia is
defined as a democratic
state the Serbian people and
all other citizens who live
in it, based on democratic
principles, market economy,
respect for human rights and
the rule of law.
Serbia to the north borders
with Hungary, in the east
with Romania and Bulgaria in
the south with the Republic
of Macedonia and Albania, on
the west Montenegro, Croatia
and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Serbia is the end of the
First World War was an
integral part of the state
with a majority of the
Balkan Slavs Južnih first in
the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats
and Slovenes, later
preimenovanoj Kraljevinu in
Yugoslavia, then in the
Socialist Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia, the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia and
the State Union of Serbia
and Montenegro. Since 2006.
Serbia is the successor of
Serbia and Montenegro became
a sovereign and independent
state.
Capital Belgrade. With
1,576,124 inhabitants by the
census of 2002. years, he
has the administrative and
economic center of Serbia. |
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Geography
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Serbia is in the Balkans -
the region of Southeast
Europe (about 80% of the
territory) and the Pannonian
niziji - the region of
Central Europe
(approximately 20% of the
territory). However,
geographic, and climatic,
one of the ranked in the
Mediterranean countries. The
total length of the borders
with surrounding countries
is 2,027 km. The length of
the border states by
neighbors is: 115 km
Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 302 km, 318 km
Bulgaria, Croatia 241 km,
Hungary 151 km, 221 km
Republic of Macedonia,
Montenegro 203 km, Romania
476 km [2].
Occupies the northern part
of plain (See: Geography of
Vojvodina), in the southern
parts of the hills and
mountains. There are over 15
mountain peaks above 2,000
meters above sea level, and
the highest peak Đeravica
(in the Prokletija) with a
height of 2,656 meters. In
temperate continental
climate prevails.
Serbia mountain relief
explains the appearance of
many canyons, gorges and
cave (Resavska cave,
Ceremošnja, Risovača ...),
and provides a wealth of
additional beauty of a
forest preserved in the
structure has many endemic
species, as well as the
wealth of water, streams,
springs, pastures, etc. .
Waterways rivers are the
Danube (588 km), Sava (206
km), Tisa (168 km) and
partly Velika Morava (185 km
full course). Other major
rivers are the Western
Morava (308 km), South
Morava (295 km), the Ibar
River (272 km), Drina (220
km) and Timok (202 km). The
biggest lake in Serbia
Đerdapska lake with 163 km ˛
(with the Romanian part: 253
km ˛).
Serbia has 5 national parks:
Djerdap, Kopaonik, Tara,
Sar-i Fruska Gora mountain.
All national parks have high
health-climatic and
recreational values. |
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History
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The first information about
the Serbian state dating
from the XI century and the
Dynasty Vlastimirovića.
Founder of the most
important medieval serbian
state, known as the battles,
and Dynasty Nemanjic the
Great Prince Stefan Nemanja,
serbian ruler from the XII
century. Middle Serbian
state was under strong
political and cultural
influence of Byzantium. In
1217, during the rule of
Stefan the First Crowned,
Serbia became an independent
kingdom, and 1346 reaches
peak power as the kingdom of
Stefan Dusan, who declared
for Cara Serbs and Greeks.
Osmanlija Turks are defeated
Serbian nobility 1389 in the
field of battle in Kosovo,
while the final
zagospodarili Serbia after
the fall of 1459 Smederevo
year. In the period from
1459 to 1804, Serbia was
under direct rule
Osmanlijskog Empire, though
in several shorter
intervals, the longest was
from 1718. to 1739. , the
Habsburg monarchy under his
authority greater part of
central Serbia.
National ustanci in Serbia,
1804. under the leadership
of George Petrovic called
Karadjordje, and again in
1815 under the guidance of
Milos Obrenovic, have led to
the creation of an
autonomous principality
serbian. Of 1813. to 1882.
Serbian state predvode
princes, and 1882. Obrenovic
dynasty kings. The first
constitution of Serbia gets
15 February 1835. The
(Sretenjski Constitution).
At the Berlin congress of
1878. Serbia has received
international recognition.
Serbs in southern Hungary
were in the middle of the
19th century had autonomy
under the name of Serbian
Vojvodina.
White elephant in 1903. and
the murder of King Alexander
and Queen Draga, the
government again come
Karadjordjevic dynasty,
descendants of Karađorđa
Petrovic, a new king is
appointed Peter of
Yugoslavia. Serbia has
significantly expanded its
territory to the south after
the victory in the Balkan
wars. With great human and
material sacrifices, Serbia
has contributed to the
victory Antante forces
svtskom in the first war.
After 1918. Serbia, together
with Montenegro, only
entering its statehood and
sovereignty, was part of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes, renamed in 1929.
in the Kingdom of
Yugoslavia.
In the Second World War,
parts of Serbia were under
occupation force axes, and
Nazi Germany and its allies
Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Albania, as well as the
puppet pro-fašističke state
structures called
Independent State of Croatia
(NDH).
Immediately after the war,
1945, as successor Kingdom
of Yugoslavia, formed under
the name of the state
Democratic Federal
Yugoslavia was under a new
rule of the communist regime
led by Joseph Brozom-Titom.
This country consisted of
five constituent republics:
Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia,
Montenegro and Macedonia.
The same year (1945.) State
changed its name to National
Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, while 1963.
finally changed its name to
the Socialist Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia.
Since 1992, after the
breakup of Yugoslavia until
2003. Serbia was, together
with Montenegro - the
Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia. Since 2003.
Serbia is an integral part
of the State Union of Serbia
and Montenegro. On 21 May
2006. year, held a
referendum in which the
citizens of Montenegro
declared independence. From
5 June 2006. The Republic of
Serbia acting as an
independent and sovereign
state. |
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Territorial organization
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Autonomous Province
In the Republic of Serbia
are 2 autonomous
provinces:
* Vojvodina
(administrative center:
Novi Sad)
* Kosovo and Metohija (the
administrative center of
Pristina)
Note: part of the
territory of the Republic
of Serbia, which is
located outside the
territory of autonomous
province called central
Serbia, which is not a
special
administrative-management
unit, but in the immediate
jurisdiction of the
Republic.
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Academy Awards
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Territory of Serbia is
divided into 29
administrative districts and
territory of Belgrade. In
the area of the Autonomous
Province of Vojvodina is 7,
on the territory of the
Autonomous Province of
Kosovo and Metohija 5, while
in the area of central
Serbia is 17 administrative
districts and territory of
Belgrade. Each
administrative district is
made up of several
municipalities, and
municipalities consist of
inhabited places. |
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Cities
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In Serbia and its provinces
is 6,167 [4] settlements.
On the territory of Serbia
there are 24 official city
and the capital city of
Belgrade (which has special
status). These are the
cities:
Belgrade (1,281,801
inhabitants, the wider area
1,576,124), Kragujevac
(193,930 with a wider part
of 211,580), Niš (173,724,
part of a broader 250,518),
Novi Sad (255,071, with a
wider part of 333,895) 1
Pristina (254,021
inhabitants, with the
environment 564,800
inhabitants), Valjevo,
Vranje, Zajecar, Zrenjanin,
Jagodina, Kraljevo,
Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica,
Nelson, Pancevo, Pozarevac,
Smederevo, Sombor, Sremska
Mitrovica, Subotica, Uzice,
Cacak and Sabac.
While Belgrade, Kragujevac
and Nis its territory
divided into 2 or more urban
municipalities, other cities
are organized as unique
units of local
self-government. |
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Demographics
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According to the census of
2002. , which does not
include Kosovo and Metohija,
Serbia has 7,498,001
inhabitants. 52% of the
population lives in cities.
The percentage of the
population is written 96.4%
(men 98.9%, women 94.1%).
Birth rate is an average of
1.78 children per woman. The
average length of life of
the inhabitants of Serbia is
74 years (men 71, women 76). |
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Nations and national minorities
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Serbs make up the majority
of 82.86% of the population,
the Hungarians 3.91%, 1.82%
Muslims, Roma 1.44%, 1.08%
Yugoslavs, Croats 0.94%,
0.92% Montenegrins,
Albanians 0, 82%, and
Slovaks, Vlachs, Romanians,
Macedonians, Muslims,
Bulgarians, New York City,
Ruthenians, Ukrainians,
Slovenes, Gorani, Germans,
Russians, Czechs, Turks and
others. |
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Lenguage
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The official language is
serbian. In Vojvodina in
Serbian official languages
are Hungarian, Slovak,
Croatian, Romanian and
Ruthenian. In Kosovo and
Metohija, the official
languages of the serbian,
Albanian and English. |
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Religion
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The greatest number of
believers in Serbia is
Christian Orthodox, and the
Muslims (Sunita), Roman
Catholics and Protestant
Christians, while other
religions are less
represented. In living and a
number of atheist.
Serbian Constitution and
laws allow religious freedom
and the right to be
respected in practice.
Government at all levels
strives to protect this
right in full and does not
tolerate its abuse, either
by state authorities,
organizations and groups,
either by individuals.
Serbia has no state
religion, so no religious
holidays are not treated as
a state, but citizens are
allowed to celebrate
religious holidays as well
as a number of neradnih on
the most important holidays
for each religion. |
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State symbols
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Anthem of the Republic of
Serbia is also the old
anthem of the former Kingdom
of Serbia, "God of Justice",
with slightly modified text.
Coat of arms of Serbia is an
old coat of arms of the
Kingdom of Serbia from the
Obrenovic dynasty in 1882.
and makes it a double white
eagle with shield on the
front on which the cross and
four ocila, above the
eagle's head is the crown
grape Nemanjićes.
Republic of Serbia is the
national tricolor flag that
is passed with horizontal
colors: red, blue and white.
In addition to the people,
there is a national flag,
which is basically the same
as the national team as the
third of the length of the
run left to right on a blue
field stands and small seal
of the Republic of Serbia. |
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Justice
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Serbian Constitution
stipulates that the courts
protect the rights and
liberties of citizens, the
law established the rights
and interests of entities
and provided the
constitutionality and
legality:
Judicial power is
independent of the
legislative and executive
authorities.
Court decision may be
reviewed only the competent
court in legal proceedings.
Everyone is required, the
executive, particularly to
the executive and judicial
decision that it is
amenable.
Judicial authorities in the
Republic of Serbia belongs
to the courts of general
jurisdiction and special
courts.
Courts of general
jurisdiction are the
municipal courts, district
courts, appellate courts and
the Supreme Court of Serbia.
Special courts are
commercial courts, High
Commercial Court,
Magistrates Courts,
Magistrates Court and the
Higher Administrative Court.
Supreme Court of Serbia is
the highest court in the
Republic of Serbia, and he
immediately higher court for
the appellate courts, High
Commercial Court,
Magistrates Court and the
Higher Administrative Court.
Higher Commercial Court is
just a higher court for the
trade court, Senior
Magistrates Court is just a
higher court for violating
the courts, and appellate
court immediately higher
court for the district and
municipal court.
Note: The system of the
courts to apply from 1
January 2007.
The Constitutional Court of
Serbia is a separate body,
and does not belong to
judicial authorities. |
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The rights of citizens
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Citizens in Serbia are equal
in rights and duties and
have equal protection before
the government and other
bodies regardless of race,
sex, birth, language,
nationality, religion,
political or other belief,
education, social origin,
imovno state or personal
property .
No one can be deprived of
his liberty, except in cases
in which are determined by
law. The death penalty is
abolished, and replaced by
the appropriate sentence in
prison.
Citizens is underwritten
freedom of movement and
occupation and the right to
leave the Republic of Serbia
in her return. Children,
pregnant women and old
persons have the right to
health care from public
revenues, as the right not
by any other basis, and
other persons under the
terms established by law.
[5] |
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Economy
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Serbian economy was in
collapse during 1990ih. In
1993. recorded the second
highest inflation in the
economy H10 ˛ ł 2.35 percent
(64% per day) [6]. The
average salary in December
1993. amounted to 21 mark.
In most critically moments
came to the shortage of food
[7]. Serbia introduced
general of the UN Security
Council sanctions in 1992.
Much of the sanctions was
lifted in 1996, 2000, 2001.
2005. when fully
normalizovana trade with the
United States.
Agriculture is 16.6% of
national GDP, industry 25.5%
and services 57.9%. Total
GDP for 2007. was about 44.8
billion dollars. While the
GDP-PPP for 2007. per capita
was 10,375 dollars [8].
Serbia is the total area of
8,840,000 hectares (See:
Agriculture Serbia). Area of
agricultural land covers
5,734,000 hectares (0.56 ha
per capita), and about
4,867,000 hectares of the
surface area is arable land
(0.46 ha per capita). Around
70% of the total territory
of Serbia is agricultural
land, while 30% of the
forests. [9] Most cropping
the end of Vojvodina.
Cherishing the wheat, maize,
sunflower and soybean, and
to a lesser extent
povrtarske culture. The most
famous potato from the
Ivanjica, pepper from
Leskovac, a cabbage from
Futoga. Sumadia is known for
its fruit-growing, Vrsac,
Fruske up the slopes,
Aleksandrovačka region and
the Metohija in the
vineyards. Animal husbandry
is developed in Raska and in
eastern Serbia. Time is
fertile granaries. Kosovo is
the largest deposit of
lignite in Europe. Homoljske
mountains are finding
copper. The northern part of
Banat, it is rich in oil and
gas earth.
Serbia has about 2,961,000
work-capable population,
with the unemployment rate
of 21.56% [10] (Kosovo and
Metohija about 50%). In
agriculture for about 30%,
industry 46% and services
24% (2002, excluding Kosovo
and Metohija) [2].
Inflacionog growth rate of
over 6.5%.
Total foreign trade exchange
department of the Republic
of Serbia for the period
January-December 2007. year
amounted to 19790.9 million
euros [11]. Exports amounted
to 6432.2 million, and
imports 13358.7 million.
Foreign exchange department
was the largest with members
of the European Union, about
60%. In exports, the main
trade partners,
individually, were: Italy
(1094.2 million dollars);
Bosnia and Herzegovina
(1042.1 million dollars) and
Montenegro (950.9 million
dollars). In imports, the
main trade partners,
individually, were Russian
Federation (2625.9 million
dollars, mostly import
fuel), Germany (2169.7
million dollars) and Italy
(1777.8 million dollars).
The exports for 2007. year
with the largest
participation: iron and
steel (1,094 million
dollars); colored metal (694
million dollars), vegetables
and fruit (467 million
dollars), clothing (445
million dollars) and metal
products (426 million
dollars). In imports, most
are: petroleum and petroleum
derivatives (1,962 million
dollars); road vehicles
(1,503 million dollars),
iron and steel (917 million
dollars) of industrial
machines for general use
(881 million dollars) and
electrical machinery and
apparatus ( 807 million
dollars). |
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Tourism
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Thanks to a number of
positive trends in tourism
development activities are
classified among the Most
Dynamical najpropulzivnije
and economic fields, with
multiple multiplicative
effects (in the period
1990-2000. Yr. International
tourist traffic increased by
over 50%, while total
revenues increased by nearly
80%) to Tourism provides a
strong generator function in
a wide range of activities,
which are increasingly
included in the priorities
of economic development of
countries of reception, and
their individual parts.
Strategy of tourism
development in Serbia is
determined by selective
approach, where rural
tourism is treated as a
priority in those forms of
tourism that are related to
special interests
(especially emphasize the
development of eco-tourist
village on the hill-mountain
areas, which offer a healthy
environment, ecological
food, pleasant surroundings,
active vacation in nature,
ethnographic and other
cultural and historical
values).
In the current development
of the hill-dominant
mountain villages, and often
only the economy had
agriculture (mainly cattle
and farming). Numerous other
activities and activities of
domestic population, based
on the various and valuable
natural and anthropogenic
local resources, mainly on
the margins of the sustained
development of events. Among
them, and tourist activity
which is an important factor
prosperitetnijeg development
of these villages in Serbia. |
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Trafic
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Serbia has developed road,
rail, air and water traffic.
Serbia has a road network of
40,845 km, of which about
5,500 km roads the first
row. The network is 498
kiliometara the toll highway
and 136 kilometers
poluautoputeva the toll.
[12]
The total length of railway
network in Serbia is 3,619
km and the total length of
roads is 42,692 km
(asfaltni) and 24,860 km
(concrete). [13]
The most important roads is
road-European railway
corridor 10 (highway E-75,
Subotica - Belgrade - Nis -
Dimitrovgrad, as well as
highway E-70 Šid-Belgrade),
which is the history of the
road that connect the east
and west, which brought
together Middle East and
Central Europe.
Serbia flowing through the
Danube river, an important
waterway (corridor 7), which
connects Europe with high
black sea. In addition to
the Danube river waterways
are the Sava, Morava and
Tisa, as well as channel
Danube-Tisa-Danube.
Airports for international
passenger traffic in Serbia
are the airport "Nikola
Tesla" in Belgrade, the
airport "Kοnstantin Βeliki
in Nis and the airport
Slatina in Pristina. |
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Culture
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Art
On the territory of Serbia
there remains cultural
zaostavštine from
prehistoric times. The most
famous Neolithic culture in
the territory of Serbia
culture Lepenski Vir. In
Serbia, is made luxurious
imperial cities, and the
castle in the late Roman
period and the early
Byzantine Empire, whose
remains can be seen in
Sirmium, Gamzigrad and
tsarina City (Justiniana
Prima).
Middle Ages
Serbian medieval monuments,
which are preserved to this
day are mostly churches and
monasteries. Most of these
monuments is decorated with
frescoes walls. The most
original monument serbian
medieval monastery was
Studenica (about 1190). This
monastery was a model for
later monasteries Mileseva,
Sopocani and High Decani.
Probably the best known
Serbian middle fresco is a
"Mironosnice the grave (or
white angel) from the
Monastery Mileševa.
Ikonoslikarstvo also
srednjevekovnog part of
Serbian cultural heritage.
The influence of Byzantine
art is stronger after the
fall of Constantinople in
the hands of Cruisers in
1204, when many artists
escaped alone in Serbia.
Their influence is visible
in the construction of the
church Bogorodica Ljeviska,
and Nagoričane old monastery
Gracanica monastery.
High Decani monastery was
built between 1330. and 1350
Unlike other Serbian
monasteries, this was built
in the Romanesque style
under the supervision of
master vite from Kotor. On
the frescoes of the manstira
are 1,000 portraits describe
all the most important
episodes from the New
Testament. The cathedral is
located iconostasis,
igumanov sarcophagus
decorated throne and the
king Stefan III Dečanskog.
Another style of church
construction began in Serbia
at the end of 14 century,
and in the valley of the
River Morava (Moravia
school). Characteristic of
this style was rich
decoration foreign church
walls. Fresco in the
monastery Manasija running
religious scene in which
people participate in the
serbian gown
srednjevekovnim.
During the Ottoman rule is
mainly lost art activity in
Serbia. Some Baroque trends
are visible in the Serbian
artist with the end of the
18th century in southern
Hungary (Theodore Kračun,
Jacob Orfelin).
Modern Age
Many young artists from 19
countries novoustanovljene
serbian century, the studies
abroad, particularly in
France and Germany, and
brought with him avant-garde
styles. In addition to Paris
and Munich, Belgrade was in
the first half of the 20th
century one of the centers
of impresionizma. Nadezda
Petrovic is painted in the
style of fovizma, while the
Sava Sumanovic was under the
influence of kubizma.
Serbian important painters
20 century were: Milan
Konjović, Marko Celebonovic,
Peter Lubarda, Vladimir
Velickovic and Mica Popovic.
Serbia is known for its
naive painters, such as
Janko Brašić, Sava Sekulic,
Martin Jonas and Zuzana
Halupova. Slovakian village
Kovačica in Vojvodina is the
center of naivnog painting. |
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Literature
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Start serbian literacy is
associated with the activity
brothers Cyril and Methodius
in the Balkans. There are
monuments of early literacy
from 11 serbian century,
written glagolitic script.
But in 12 century, there are
texts written Medical. From
this epoch is the oldest
Cyrillic books serbian
offices, gospel zahumskog
Prince Miroslav, brother
Stefan Nemanja. Miroslav
gospel is the oldest and
most beautiful illustrated
books Serbian Middle Ages.
During the Turkish rule in
Serbia, the development of
oral lyric and epska
literature.
At the time the national
movement, during the first
half of the 19th century,
Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic is
translated New Testament in
the serbian national
language and reformed
serbian language and
spelling. This is whacked
foundation of Serbian
literature recent times. The
most important poets serbian
19 century were Branko
Radicevic, Petar Petrovic
Njegos, Đura Jakšić and
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj. In 20
century prose writers have
primacy: Ivo Andric, Milos
Crnjanski, Yngwie J.
Malmsteen, Dobrica Ćosić,
Danilo Kiš and Milorad
Pavic, although there are
also valuable pesničkih
achievements: Milan Rakic,
Jovan Ducic, Desanka
Maksimovic, Miodrag Pavlovic
and Vasko Popa.
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Music
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Serbia has a long tradition
of folklore and folk music.
The game group of dancers,
as the circuit is the most
popular form of folklore in
Serbia and differs from
region to region. The most
popular circuits are Uzicko
kolo and Moravian.
In the 19th century and
earlier, typical folk
instruments were gusle and
flute, while in Vojvodina
used Tambure and bagpipes.
Subsequently, and today, the
main instrument in
novokomponovanoj folk music
is the accordion. Trubacki
orchestras are also very
popular. Brass Band Festival
in Guči is the central event
of this kind of music.
Serbia is the most famous
trumpeter Boban Markovic.
Turkish authorities period
left a mark in oriental
music all over the Balkans,
and Serbia. In the last
15-odd years, there is a
trend of combining folk
music, the influence of
Oriental and Dance music
under the name of
turbo-folk. Many of today's
serbian singers are popular
in the whole of
South-Eastern Europe, such
as Lepa Brena, Zeljko
Joksimovic, Dragana Mirkovic
and Svetlana
Raznatovic-Ceca.
In pop music, big stars
serbian showbiz were Djordje
Marjanovic and Lola
Novakovic. Still the
favorite Đorđe Balašević and
Zdravko Colic.
Rock groups have emerged in
Serbia at the end of the
1960s. Have achieved great
popularity of the 1980s,
with groups of new waves:
Idoli, electric orgasm, and
Freddie Mercury. At that
time, and today, are active
groups of fish Corba, Bajaga
and Instructors, Van Gogh
and Partibrejkers.
Легенда југословенског рока,
Горан Бреговић, последњих
десетак година постигао је
велику међународну
популарност својом музиком
обојеном етномузичким
мотивима. Сличном
категоријом музике баве се
Биљана Крстић и Неле
Карајлић са групом No
Smoking Orchestra.
Србија је победила на
такмичењу за Песму
Евровизије 2007. у
Хелсинкију са песмом
„Молитва“ у извођењу Марије
Шерифовић. |
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Classical music
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Serbian the most important
composer of art music was
Stevan Stojanovic Mokranjac
(1856-1914). He was a
musicologist, collector folk
music and director of the
first music school in
Serbia. His most famous
music of the choral songs
Rukoveti.
Other important serbian
composers are: Cornelius
Stankovic, Stevan Hristić
and Stanislav Binički. |
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Theater and film
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Joakim Vujić is the founder
of modern Serbian theater.
He founded Knjažesko-srbski
theater in Kragujevac in
1835. Significant serbian
writers theater pieces were
John and sexuality in 19,
and Branislav Nušić in 20
century. In Belgrade since
1967. held an international
festival of contemporary
theater BITEF. Traditionally
the best theater scene in
Serbia, the National Theater
in Belgrade, Studio 212,
Yugoslav Drama Theater and
the Serbian National Theater
in Novi Sad.
Among the theater workers
who have marked the serbian
theater last decade
retrieval Bojan pit, Mira
Trailović and John Cirilov,
and writers Dusan Kovacevic
and Biljana Srbljanovic.
Serbian film art is one of
the leading cinematography
Eastern Europe. Before the
Second World War in Serbia
has produced 12 films. In
the post-war period, on the
international scene have
highlighted the Directors:
Goran Markovic, Aleksandar
Petrovic, Dusan Makavejev,
Slobodan Sijan, Goran
Paskaljevic and others.
Najnagradjivanija serbian
film director Emir Kusturica
is that, among other things,
received two Golden Palms at
the festival in Cannes.
Among actors, in the first
half of the 20th century are
highlighted Cica Ilija
Stanojevic, Žanka Stokić and
Dobrica Milutinovic. Recent
times the Serbian theater
and film actors are marked:
Miodrag Petrovic Ckalja,
Ljubisa Jovanovic, Zoran
Radmilovic, Ljuba Tadic,
Danilo Bata Stojkovic,
Dragan Nikolic, Milena
Dravic, Velimir Bata
Zivojinovic, Ljubisa
Samardzic, Mira Banjac, Bora
Todorovic, Miki Manojlovic
and Mirjana Karanovic. |
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Cultural institution founded by the Serbian
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* National Museum in
Belgrade
* History Museum Serbia
* Ethnographic Museum in
Belgrade
* Museum of Contemporary Art
in Belgrade
* The Museum of Applied Arts
in Belgrade
* Museum of theatrical art
Serbia
* Prirodnjački Museum in
Belgrade
* Museum of science and
technology in Belgrade
* Museum of the victims of
genocide (Kragujevac)
* Yugoslav Film Archive
* Republican Institute for
the Protection of Monuments
of Culture
* Archives of Serbia
* National Library of Serbia
* Serbian library Matica
* Gallery Matice Serbian
* National Theater in
Belgrade
* Belgrade Philharmonic
Orchestra
* Ensemble folk dances and
songs of Serbia - Round
* Film Center Serbia
* Institute for the study of
cultural development
* Museum of History of
Yugoslavia
* Museum of Naive Art in
Jagodina |
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World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in Serbia
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* 1979 - Ras Old City, the
monastery of Sopoćani and
Peter church (the oldest
church in Serbia)
* 1986 - Monastery Studenica
* 2004 - Decani Monastery
* 2006 - Gracanica
monastery, Julius Caesar and
the church Bogorodica
Ljeviska
* 2007 - Czar's Palace Felix
Romuliana in Gamzigrad |
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Festivals and fairs
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In Serbia, there are many
cultural festivals and
fairs. The most important
are: the Belgrade book fair,
Vukov Parliament and the
Belgrade International
Theater Festival (BITEF).
Music events, the most
popular are: International
Music Festival Egzit (Exit)
and Trubacki Parliament in
Guči. |
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Sport
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Popular sports in Serbia are
football, basketball, water
polo, volleyball, handball
and tennis. Belgrade will
host the 2009 Universiade,
with Zagreb was Co Organizer
European Championship League
in 1976. In Belgrade, were
held three final European
Championships in basketball.
Jesus is najmasovniji
sporting event in Serbia.
Ljubičevske horse games in
Pozarevcu are the
traditional sports-travel
events.
Young football team of
Serbia is the current
vicešampion Europe. Serbian
water polo are the current
European champions and
Olympic vicešampiona.
The most famous sports
society in Serbia in JSD
Partizan and Red Star SD.
Football match between the
two clubs called vecitim
derbijem. Red football stars
have won the European
Champions Cup in 1991. and
the Intercontinental Cup in
1991. Partizan basketball
team were champions of
Europe 1992, a water polo
champions Partizan were
sixfold Europe.
The most famous athletes
from Serbia are basketball
team Vlade Divac, Dejan
Bodiroga, Aleksandar
Djordjevic, Predrag
Stojaković and Radivoj
Korac, football Dragoslav
Šekularac, Dragan Dzajic,
Dragan Stojkovic, Savo
Milosevic, Dejan Stankovic
and Nemanja Vidic,
volleyball brothers Vladimir
and Nikola Grbic, Ivan
Miljkovic, water polo Igor
Milanovic, Aleksandar
Šoštar, Vladimir Vujasinovic
and Aleksandar Šapić, tennis
player Novak Djokovic,
Jelena Jankovic and Ana
Ivanovic and swimmer Milorad
Cavic. |
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Development of science and higher education
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Conditions for the
development of science and
education in Serbia,
unfortunately, did not exist
during the Ottoman rule. The
first attempt of the
national education was the
Great School in 1808,
potpomognuta Serbs from
Austria. Only in the period
1835-1878. comes to the
institutionalization of
Education. Great school was
opened in 1863, and
transformed the University
in 1905. Institution
National Museum (1844) and
the serbian slovesnosti
(1841), which grew in the
Croatian Academy of Arts and
Sciences, the conditions for
organized practice teaching.
Many young and talented
Serbs in the period educated
abroad at the expense of the
state, to provide experts
for further development.
In Austria, the Serbs
organized Matica Srpska
(1826) as its cultural
institution. Later, the seat
Migrated from Pest in Novi
Sad. The situation in
Austria were considerably
more favorable for the
development of the Serbian
education and science.
World valuable scientists
from Serbia are, among
others: Joseph Pančić
naturalist, geographer
Cunctator, mathematicians
and Mileva Marić Michael
Petrovic, astronomer Woman,
fizikohemičar Paul Savic. In
addition to them, many
serbian scientists have
worked and created abroad.
These are for example,
Mihajlo Pupin and Nikola
Tesla.
During the second half of
the 20th century, in Serbia
are open research institutes
for Nuclear Sciences in
Vinci and the Institute for
inžinjerstvo "Mihajlo Pupin.
These are today the two most
important scientific
institutes in the country.
Today in Serbia operates 6
state and private
universities.
See:
* Serbian Academy of Arts
and Sciences
* Matica Srpska
* Institute of Nuclear
Sciences Vinca
* Institute Mihajlo Pupin |
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Education
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Training is available to all
under equal conditions.
Basic education is
compulsory and lasts eight
years.
For regular education that
is financed from public
revenue budget of the
Republic of Serbia, citizens
do not plaćuju fees. Members
of national minorities have
the right to education in
their own language, in
accordance with the law. |
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